diff --git a/easytier/src/common/global_ctx.rs b/easytier/src/common/global_ctx.rs
index 4bc1e700..46af1d8d 100644
--- a/easytier/src/common/global_ctx.rs
+++ b/easytier/src/common/global_ctx.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use hmac::{Hmac, Mac};
 use sha2::Sha256;
 use socket2::Protocol;
 use std::{
-    collections::{HashMap, hash_map::DefaultHasher},
+    collections::{BTreeSet, HashMap, hash_map::DefaultHasher},
     hash::Hasher,
     iter,
     net::{IpAddr, SocketAddr},
@@ -207,6 +207,7 @@ pub struct GlobalCtx {
     cached_ipv4: AtomicCell<Option<cidr::Ipv4Inet>>,
     cached_ipv6: AtomicCell<Option<cidr::Ipv6Inet>>,
     public_ipv6_lease: AtomicCell<Option<cidr::Ipv6Inet>>,
+    public_ipv6_routes: Mutex<BTreeSet<std::net::Ipv6Addr>>,
     cached_proxy_cidrs: AtomicCell<Option<Vec<ProxyNetworkConfig>>>,
 
     ip_collector: Mutex<Option<Arc<IPCollector>>>,
@@ -304,6 +305,7 @@ impl GlobalCtx {
             cached_ipv4: AtomicCell::new(None),
             cached_ipv6: AtomicCell::new(None),
             public_ipv6_lease: AtomicCell::new(None),
+            public_ipv6_routes: Mutex::new(BTreeSet::new()),
             cached_proxy_cidrs: AtomicCell::new(None),
 
             ip_collector: Mutex::new(Some(Arc::new(IPCollector::new(
@@ -399,6 +401,11 @@ impl GlobalCtx {
         self.public_ipv6_lease.store(addr);
     }
 
+    pub fn set_public_ipv6_routes(&self, routes: BTreeSet<cidr::Ipv6Inet>) {
+        *self.public_ipv6_routes.lock().unwrap() =
+            routes.into_iter().map(|route| route.address()).collect();
+    }
+
     pub fn is_ip_local_ipv6(&self, ip: &std::net::Ipv6Addr) -> bool {
         self.get_ipv6().map(|x| x.address() == *ip).unwrap_or(false)
             || self
@@ -407,6 +414,10 @@ impl GlobalCtx {
                 .unwrap_or(false)
     }
 
+    pub fn is_ip_easytier_managed_ipv6(&self, ip: &std::net::Ipv6Addr) -> bool {
+        self.is_ip_local_ipv6(ip) || self.public_ipv6_routes.lock().unwrap().contains(ip)
+    }
+
     pub fn get_advertised_ipv6_public_addr_prefix(&self) -> Option<cidr::Ipv6Cidr> {
         *self.advertised_ipv6_public_addr_prefix.lock().unwrap()
     }
diff --git a/easytier/src/connector/direct.rs b/easytier/src/connector/direct.rs
index d894a563..bb52a9b0 100644
--- a/easytier/src/connector/direct.rs
+++ b/easytier/src/connector/direct.rs
@@ -62,6 +62,24 @@ async fn resolve_mapped_listener_addrs(listener: &url::Url) -> Result<Vec<Socket
     socket_addrs(listener, || mapped_listener_port(listener)).await
 }
 
+fn is_usable_public_ipv6_candidate(ip: &Ipv6Addr, global_ctx: &ArcGlobalCtx) -> bool {
+    is_usable_public_ipv6_candidate_with_mode(ip, global_ctx, TESTING.load(Ordering::Relaxed))
+}
+
+fn is_usable_public_ipv6_candidate_with_mode(
+    ip: &Ipv6Addr,
+    global_ctx: &ArcGlobalCtx,
+    testing: bool,
+) -> bool {
+    !global_ctx.is_ip_easytier_managed_ipv6(ip)
+        && (testing
+            || (!ip.is_loopback()
+                && !ip.is_unspecified()
+                && !ip.is_unique_local()
+                && !ip.is_unicast_link_local()
+                && !ip.is_multicast()))
+}
+
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 pub trait PeerManagerForDirectConnector {
     async fn list_peers(&self) -> Vec<PeerId>;
@@ -188,34 +206,28 @@ impl DirectConnectorManagerData {
                 .with_context(|| format!("failed to bind local socket for {}", remote_url))?,
         );
         let connector_ip = self
-            .peer_manager
-            .get_global_ctx()
+            .global_ctx
             .get_stun_info_collector()
             .get_stun_info()
             .public_ip
             .iter()
-            .find(|x| x.contains(':'))
-            .ok_or(anyhow::anyhow!(
-                "failed to get public ipv6 address from stun info"
-            ))?
-            .parse::<Ipv6Addr>()
-            .with_context(|| {
-                format!(
-                    "failed to parse public ipv6 address from stun info: {:?}",
-                    self.peer_manager
-                        .get_global_ctx()
-                        .get_stun_info_collector()
-                        .get_stun_info()
-                )
-            })?;
-        let connector_addr =
-            SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V6(connector_ip), local_socket.local_addr()?.port());
+            .filter_map(|ip| ip.parse::<Ipv6Addr>().ok())
+            .find(|ip| !self.global_ctx.is_ip_easytier_managed_ipv6(ip));
 
         // ask remote to send v6 hole punch packet
         // and no matter what the result is, continue to connect
-        let _ = self
-            .remote_send_udp_hole_punch_packet(dst_peer_id, connector_addr, remote_url)
-            .await;
+        if let Some(connector_ip) = connector_ip {
+            let connector_addr =
+                SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V6(connector_ip), local_socket.local_addr()?.port());
+            let _ = self
+                .remote_send_udp_hole_punch_packet(dst_peer_id, connector_addr, remote_url)
+                .await;
+        } else {
+            tracing::debug!(
+                ?remote_url,
+                "skip remote IPv6 hole-punch packet; no non-EasyTier public IPv6 in STUN info"
+            );
+        }
 
         let udp_connector = UdpTunnelConnector::new(remote_url.clone());
         let remote_addr = SocketAddr::from_url(remote_url.clone(), IpVersion::V6).await?;
@@ -477,14 +489,7 @@ impl DirectConnectorManagerData {
                         .iter()
                         .chain(ip_list.public_ipv6.iter())
                         .filter_map(|x| Ipv6Addr::from_str(&x.to_string()).ok())
-                        .filter(|x| {
-                            TESTING.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
-                                || (!x.is_loopback()
-                                    && !x.is_unspecified()
-                                    && !x.is_unique_local()
-                                    && !x.is_unicast_link_local()
-                                    && !x.is_multicast())
-                        })
+                        .filter(|x| is_usable_public_ipv6_candidate(x, &self.global_ctx))
                         .collect::<HashSet<_>>()
                         .iter()
                         .for_each(|ip| {
@@ -513,6 +518,11 @@ impl DirectConnectorManagerData {
                                 );
                             }
                         });
+                } else if self.global_ctx.is_ip_easytier_managed_ipv6(s_addr.ip()) {
+                    tracing::debug!(
+                        ?listener,
+                        "skip EasyTier-managed IPv6 as direct-connect target"
+                    );
                 } else if !s_addr.ip().is_loopback() || TESTING.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
                     if self
                         .global_ctx
@@ -788,9 +798,10 @@ impl DirectConnectorManager {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use std::sync::Arc;
+    use std::{collections::BTreeSet, sync::Arc};
 
     use crate::{
+        common::global_ctx::tests::get_mock_global_ctx,
         connector::direct::{
             DirectConnectorManager, DirectConnectorManagerData, DstListenerUrlBlackListItem,
         },
@@ -800,12 +811,41 @@ mod tests {
             wait_route_appear_with_cost,
         },
         proto::peer_rpc::GetIpListResponse,
+        tunnel::{IpScheme, TunnelScheme, matches_scheme},
     };
 
     use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr};
 
     use super::{TESTING, mapped_listener_port, resolve_mapped_listener_addrs};
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn public_ipv6_candidate_rejects_easytier_managed_addr_even_in_tests() {
+        let global_ctx = get_mock_global_ctx();
+        let managed_ipv6: cidr::Ipv6Inet = "2001:db8::2/128".parse().unwrap();
+        global_ctx.set_public_ipv6_routes(BTreeSet::from([managed_ipv6]));
+
+        assert!(!super::is_usable_public_ipv6_candidate_with_mode(
+            &"2001:db8::2".parse().unwrap(),
+            &global_ctx,
+            true,
+        ));
+        assert!(super::is_usable_public_ipv6_candidate_with_mode(
+            &"::1".parse().unwrap(),
+            &global_ctx,
+            true,
+        ));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn udp_ipv6_url_matches_hole_punch_branch_condition() {
+        let remote_url: url::Url = "udp://[2001:db8::1]:11010".parse().unwrap();
+        let takes_udp_ipv6_hole_punch_branch =
+            matches_scheme!(remote_url, TunnelScheme::Ip(IpScheme::Udp))
+                && matches!(remote_url.host(), Some(url::Host::Ipv6(_)));
+
+        assert!(takes_udp_ipv6_hole_punch_branch);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn mapped_listener_port_uses_ip_scheme_defaults() {
         assert_eq!(
diff --git a/easytier/src/connector/mod.rs b/easytier/src/connector/mod.rs
index 832f0173..bfc6c7f2 100644
--- a/easytier/src/connector/mod.rs
+++ b/easytier/src/connector/mod.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,17 @@
-use std::{
-    net::{SocketAddr, SocketAddrV4, SocketAddrV6},
-    sync::Arc,
-};
+use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv6Addr, SocketAddr, SocketAddrV4, SocketAddrV6};
 
 use crate::{
-    common::{error::Error, global_ctx::ArcGlobalCtx, idn, network::IPCollector},
+    common::{dns::socket_addrs, error::Error, global_ctx::ArcGlobalCtx, idn},
     connector::dns_connector::DnsTunnelConnector,
     proto::common::PeerFeatureFlag,
     tunnel::{
-        self, FromUrl, IpScheme, IpVersion, TunnelConnector, TunnelError, TunnelScheme,
+        self, IpScheme, IpVersion, TunnelConnector, TunnelError, TunnelScheme,
         ring::RingTunnelConnector, tcp::TcpTunnelConnector, udp::UdpTunnelConnector,
     },
     utils::BoxExt,
 };
 use http_connector::HttpTunnelConnector;
+use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
 
 pub mod direct;
 pub mod manual;
@@ -56,7 +54,7 @@ pub(crate) fn should_background_p2p_with_peer(
 async fn set_bind_addr_for_peer_connector(
     connector: &mut (impl TunnelConnector + ?Sized),
     is_ipv4: bool,
-    ip_collector: &Arc<IPCollector>,
+    global_ctx: &ArcGlobalCtx,
 ) {
     if cfg!(any(
         target_os = "android",
@@ -69,7 +67,7 @@ async fn set_bind_addr_for_peer_connector(
         return;
     }
 
-    let ips = ip_collector.collect_ip_addrs().await;
+    let ips = global_ctx.get_ip_collector().collect_ip_addrs().await;
     if is_ipv4 {
         let mut bind_addrs = vec![];
         for ipv4 in ips.interface_ipv4s {
@@ -80,7 +78,11 @@ async fn set_bind_addr_for_peer_connector(
     } else {
         let mut bind_addrs = vec![];
         for ipv6 in ips.interface_ipv6s.iter().chain(ips.public_ipv6.iter()) {
-            let socket_addr = SocketAddrV6::new(std::net::Ipv6Addr::from(*ipv6), 0, 0, 0).into();
+            let ipv6 = std::net::Ipv6Addr::from(*ipv6);
+            if global_ctx.is_ip_easytier_managed_ipv6(&ipv6) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let socket_addr = SocketAddrV6::new(ipv6, 0, 0, 0).into();
             bind_addrs.push(socket_addr);
         }
         connector.set_bind_addrs(bind_addrs);
@@ -88,6 +90,144 @@ async fn set_bind_addr_for_peer_connector(
     let _ = connector;
 }
 
+struct ResolvedConnectorAddr {
+    addr: SocketAddr,
+    ip_version: IpVersion,
+}
+
+fn connector_default_port(url: &url::Url) -> Option<u16> {
+    url.try_into()
+        .ok()
+        .and_then(|s: TunnelScheme| s.try_into().ok())
+        .map(IpScheme::default_port)
+}
+
+fn addr_matches_ip_version(addr: &SocketAddr, ip_version: IpVersion) -> bool {
+    match ip_version {
+        IpVersion::V4 => addr.is_ipv4(),
+        IpVersion::V6 => addr.is_ipv6(),
+        IpVersion::Both => true,
+    }
+}
+
+fn infer_effective_ip_version(addrs: &[SocketAddr], requested_ip_version: IpVersion) -> IpVersion {
+    match requested_ip_version {
+        IpVersion::Both if addrs.iter().all(SocketAddr::is_ipv4) => IpVersion::V4,
+        IpVersion::Both if addrs.iter().all(SocketAddr::is_ipv6) => IpVersion::V6,
+        _ => requested_ip_version,
+    }
+}
+
+async fn easytier_managed_ipv6_source_for_dst(
+    global_ctx: &ArcGlobalCtx,
+    dst_addr: SocketAddrV6,
+) -> Result<Option<Ipv6Addr>, Error> {
+    let socket = {
+        let _g = global_ctx.net_ns.guard();
+        tokio::net::UdpSocket::bind("[::]:0").await?
+    };
+    socket.connect(SocketAddr::V6(dst_addr)).await?;
+
+    let IpAddr::V6(local_ip) = socket.local_addr()?.ip() else {
+        return Ok(None);
+    };
+
+    Ok(global_ctx
+        .is_ip_easytier_managed_ipv6(&local_ip)
+        .then_some(local_ip))
+}
+
+async fn ipv6_connector_reject_reason(
+    url: &url::Url,
+    global_ctx: &ArcGlobalCtx,
+    v6_addr: SocketAddrV6,
+    skip_source_validation_errors: bool,
+) -> Result<Option<String>, Error> {
+    if global_ctx.is_ip_easytier_managed_ipv6(v6_addr.ip()) {
+        return Ok(Some(format!(
+            "{} resolves to EasyTier-managed IPv6 {}",
+            url,
+            v6_addr.ip()
+        )));
+    }
+
+    match easytier_managed_ipv6_source_for_dst(global_ctx, v6_addr).await {
+        Ok(Some(local_ip)) => Ok(Some(format!(
+            "{} would use EasyTier-managed IPv6 {} as local source for {}",
+            url, local_ip, v6_addr
+        ))),
+        Ok(None) => Ok(None),
+        Err(err) if skip_source_validation_errors => Ok(Some(format!(
+            "{} IPv6 candidate {} could not be validated: {}",
+            url, v6_addr, err
+        ))),
+        Err(err) => Err(err),
+    }
+}
+
+async fn resolve_connector_socket_addr(
+    url: &url::Url,
+    global_ctx: &ArcGlobalCtx,
+    ip_version: IpVersion,
+) -> Result<ResolvedConnectorAddr, Error> {
+    let addrs = socket_addrs(url, || connector_default_port(url))
+        .await
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            TunnelError::InvalidAddr(format!(
+                "failed to resolve socket addr, url: {}, error: {}",
+                url, e
+            ))
+        })?;
+
+    let mut usable_addrs = Vec::new();
+    let mut rejected_ipv6_reason = None;
+    let skip_source_validation_errors = ip_version == IpVersion::Both;
+    for addr in addrs
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter(|addr| addr_matches_ip_version(addr, ip_version))
+    {
+        if let SocketAddr::V6(v6_addr) = addr
+            && let Some(reason) = ipv6_connector_reject_reason(
+                url,
+                global_ctx,
+                v6_addr,
+                skip_source_validation_errors,
+            )
+            .await?
+        {
+            rejected_ipv6_reason = Some(reason);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        usable_addrs.push(addr);
+    }
+
+    if usable_addrs.is_empty() {
+        if let Some(reason) = rejected_ipv6_reason {
+            return Err(Error::InvalidUrl(format!(
+                "{}, refusing overlay-backed underlay connection",
+                reason
+            )));
+        }
+
+        return Err(Error::TunnelError(TunnelError::NoDnsRecordFound(
+            ip_version,
+        )));
+    }
+
+    let effective_ip_version = infer_effective_ip_version(&usable_addrs, ip_version);
+
+    let addr = usable_addrs
+        .choose(&mut rand::thread_rng())
+        .copied()
+        .ok_or_else(|| Error::TunnelError(TunnelError::NoDnsRecordFound(ip_version)))?;
+
+    Ok(ResolvedConnectorAddr {
+        addr,
+        ip_version: effective_ip_version,
+    })
+}
+
 pub async fn create_connector_by_url(
     url: &str,
     global_ctx: &ArcGlobalCtx,
@@ -98,9 +238,11 @@ pub async fn create_connector_by_url(
     let scheme = (&url)
         .try_into()
         .map_err(|_| TunnelError::InvalidProtocol(url.scheme().to_owned()))?;
+    let mut effective_connector_ip_version = ip_version;
     let mut connector: Box<dyn TunnelConnector + 'static> = match scheme {
         TunnelScheme::Ip(scheme) => {
-            let dst_addr = SocketAddr::from_url(url.clone(), ip_version).await?;
+            let resolved_addr = resolve_connector_socket_addr(&url, global_ctx, ip_version).await?;
+            effective_connector_ip_version = resolved_addr.ip_version;
             let mut connector: Box<dyn TunnelConnector> = match scheme {
                 IpScheme::Tcp => TcpTunnelConnector::new(url).boxed(),
                 IpScheme::Udp => UdpTunnelConnector::new(url).boxed(),
@@ -125,11 +267,12 @@ pub async fn create_connector_by_url(
                 #[cfg(feature = "faketcp")]
                 IpScheme::FakeTcp => tunnel::fake_tcp::FakeTcpTunnelConnector::new(url).boxed(),
             };
+            connector.set_resolved_addr(resolved_addr.addr);
             if global_ctx.config.get_flags().bind_device {
                 set_bind_addr_for_peer_connector(
                     &mut connector,
-                    dst_addr.is_ipv4(),
-                    &global_ctx.get_ip_collector(),
+                    resolved_addr.addr.is_ipv4(),
+                    global_ctx,
                 )
                 .await;
             }
@@ -151,16 +294,38 @@ pub async fn create_connector_by_url(
             DnsTunnelConnector::new(url, global_ctx.clone()).boxed()
         }
     };
-    connector.set_ip_version(ip_version);
+    connector.set_ip_version(effective_connector_ip_version);
 
     Ok(connector)
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use crate::proto::common::PeerFeatureFlag;
+    use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 
-    use super::{should_background_p2p_with_peer, should_try_p2p_with_peer};
+    use crate::{
+        common::global_ctx::tests::get_mock_global_ctx, proto::common::PeerFeatureFlag,
+        tunnel::IpVersion,
+    };
+
+    use super::{
+        create_connector_by_url, should_background_p2p_with_peer, should_try_p2p_with_peer,
+    };
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn connector_rejects_easytier_managed_ipv6_destination() {
+        let global_ctx = get_mock_global_ctx();
+        let public_route: cidr::Ipv6Inet = "2001:db8::2/128".parse().unwrap();
+        global_ctx.set_public_ipv6_routes(BTreeSet::from([public_route]));
+
+        let ret =
+            create_connector_by_url("tcp://[2001:db8::2]:11010", &global_ctx, IpVersion::V6).await;
+
+        assert!(matches!(
+            ret,
+            Err(crate::common::error::Error::InvalidUrl(_))
+        ));
+    }
 
     #[test]
     fn lazy_background_p2p_requires_need_p2p() {
diff --git a/easytier/src/connector/udp_hole_punch/common.rs b/easytier/src/connector/udp_hole_punch/common.rs
index 2b0d40be..e82b0663 100644
--- a/easytier/src/connector/udp_hole_punch/common.rs
+++ b/easytier/src/connector/udp_hole_punch/common.rs
@@ -719,25 +719,31 @@ async fn check_udp_socket_local_addr(
 ) -> Result<(), Error> {
     let socket = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").await?;
     socket.connect(remote_mapped_addr).await?;
-    if let Ok(local_addr) = socket.local_addr() {
-        // local_addr should not be equal to an EasyTier-managed virtual/public address.
-        match local_addr.ip() {
-            IpAddr::V4(ip) => {
-                if global_ctx.get_ipv4().map(|ip| ip.address()) == Some(ip) {
-                    return Err(anyhow::anyhow!("local address is virtual ipv4").into());
-                }
-            }
-            IpAddr::V6(ip) => {
-                if global_ctx.is_ip_local_ipv6(&ip) {
-                    return Err(anyhow::anyhow!("local address is easytier-managed ipv6").into());
-                }
-            }
-        }
+    if let Ok(local_addr) = socket.local_addr()
+        && let Some(err) = easytier_managed_local_addr_error(&global_ctx, local_addr)
+    {
+        return Err(anyhow::anyhow!(err).into());
     }
 
     Ok(())
 }
 
+fn easytier_managed_local_addr_error(
+    global_ctx: &ArcGlobalCtx,
+    local_addr: SocketAddr,
+) -> Option<&'static str> {
+    // local_addr should not be equal to an EasyTier-managed virtual/public address.
+    match local_addr.ip() {
+        IpAddr::V4(ip) if global_ctx.get_ipv4().map(|ip| ip.address()) == Some(ip) => {
+            Some("local address is virtual ipv4")
+        }
+        IpAddr::V6(ip) if global_ctx.is_ip_easytier_managed_ipv6(&ip) => {
+            Some("local address is easytier-managed ipv6")
+        }
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
+
 pub(crate) async fn try_connect_with_socket(
     global_ctx: ArcGlobalCtx,
     socket: Arc<UdpSocket>,
@@ -763,11 +769,29 @@ pub(crate) async fn try_connect_with_socket(
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use std::{collections::BTreeSet, net::SocketAddr};
+
+    use crate::common::global_ctx::tests::get_mock_global_ctx;
+
     use super::{
-        MAX_PUBLIC_UDP_HOLE_PUNCH_LISTENERS, should_create_public_listener,
-        should_retry_public_listener_selection,
+        MAX_PUBLIC_UDP_HOLE_PUNCH_LISTENERS, easytier_managed_local_addr_error,
+        should_create_public_listener, should_retry_public_listener_selection,
     };
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn local_addr_check_rejects_easytier_public_ipv6_route() {
+        let global_ctx = get_mock_global_ctx();
+        let public_route: cidr::Ipv6Inet = "2001:db8::4/128".parse().unwrap();
+        global_ctx.set_public_ipv6_routes(BTreeSet::from([public_route]));
+
+        let local_addr: SocketAddr = "[2001:db8::4]:1234".parse().unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            easytier_managed_local_addr_error(&global_ctx, local_addr),
+            Some("local address is easytier-managed ipv6")
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn listener_selection_prefers_reuse_before_cap() {
         assert!(!should_create_public_listener(1, true, true, false, false));
diff --git a/easytier/src/peers/acl_filter.rs b/easytier/src/peers/acl_filter.rs
index adb95f68..58446206 100644
--- a/easytier/src/peers/acl_filter.rs
+++ b/easytier/src/peers/acl_filter.rs
@@ -94,6 +94,8 @@ impl AclFilter {
     /// Preserves connection tracking and rate limiting state across reloads
     /// Now lock-free and doesn't require &mut self!
     pub fn reload_rules(&self, acl_config: Option<&Acl>) {
+        self.outbound_allow_records.clear();
+
         let Some(acl_config) = acl_config else {
             self.acl_enabled.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
             return;
@@ -400,14 +402,15 @@ mod tests {
     use std::{
         net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr},
         sync::Arc,
+        time::Instant,
     };
 
     use crate::{
         common::acl_processor::PacketInfo,
-        proto::acl::{ChainType, Protocol},
+        proto::acl::{Acl, ChainType, Protocol},
     };
 
-    use super::AclFilter;
+    use super::{AclFilter, OutboundAllowRecord};
 
     fn packet_info(dst_ip: IpAddr) -> PacketInfo {
         PacketInfo {
@@ -445,4 +448,40 @@ mod tests {
 
         assert_eq!(chain, ChainType::Forward);
     }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn reload_rules_clears_outbound_allow_records() {
+        let filter = AclFilter::new();
+        filter.outbound_allow_records.insert(
+            OutboundAllowRecord {
+                src_ip: IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 1)),
+                dst_ip: IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 2)),
+                src_port: Some(1234),
+                dst_port: Some(80),
+                protocol: Protocol::Tcp,
+            },
+            Instant::now(),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(filter.outbound_allow_records.len(), 1);
+
+        filter.reload_rules(Some(&Acl::default()));
+
+        assert_eq!(filter.outbound_allow_records.len(), 0);
+
+        filter.outbound_allow_records.insert(
+            OutboundAllowRecord {
+                src_ip: IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 2)),
+                dst_ip: IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(10, 0, 0, 1)),
+                src_port: Some(4321),
+                dst_port: Some(443),
+                protocol: Protocol::Tcp,
+            },
+            Instant::now(),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(filter.outbound_allow_records.len(), 1);
+
+        filter.reload_rules(None);
+
+        assert_eq!(filter.outbound_allow_records.len(), 0);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/easytier/src/peers/peer_rpc_service.rs b/easytier/src/peers/peer_rpc_service.rs
index bc639210..08e82d2d 100644
--- a/easytier/src/peers/peer_rpc_service.rs
+++ b/easytier/src/peers/peer_rpc_service.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,22 @@ use crate::{
     tunnel::udp,
 };
 
+fn remove_easytier_managed_ipv6s(ret: &mut GetIpListResponse, global_ctx: &ArcGlobalCtx) {
+    ret.interface_ipv6s.retain(|ip| {
+        let ip = std::net::Ipv6Addr::from(*ip);
+        !global_ctx.is_ip_easytier_managed_ipv6(&ip)
+    });
+
+    if ret
+        .public_ipv6
+        .as_ref()
+        .map(|ip| std::net::Ipv6Addr::from(*ip))
+        .is_some_and(|ip| global_ctx.is_ip_easytier_managed_ipv6(&ip))
+    {
+        ret.public_ipv6 = None;
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct DirectConnectorManagerRpcServer {
     // TODO: this only cache for one src peer, should make it global
@@ -36,15 +52,7 @@ impl DirectConnectorRpc for DirectConnectorManagerRpcServer {
             .chain(self.global_ctx.get_running_listeners())
             .map(Into::into)
             .collect();
-        // remove et ipv6 from the interface ipv6 list
-        if let Some(et_ipv6) = self.global_ctx.get_ipv6() {
-            let et_ipv6: crate::proto::common::Ipv6Addr = et_ipv6.address().into();
-            ret.interface_ipv6s.retain(|x| *x != et_ipv6);
-        }
-        if let Some(public_ipv6) = self.global_ctx.get_public_ipv6_lease() {
-            let public_ipv6: crate::proto::common::Ipv6Addr = public_ipv6.address().into();
-            ret.interface_ipv6s.retain(|x| *x != public_ipv6);
-        }
+        remove_easytier_managed_ipv6s(&mut ret, &self.global_ctx);
         tracing::trace!(
             "get_ip_list: public_ipv4: {:?}, public_ipv6: {:?}, listeners: {:?}",
             ret.public_ipv4,
@@ -88,3 +96,41 @@ impl DirectConnectorManagerRpcServer {
         Self { global_ctx }
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+
+    use crate::{
+        common::global_ctx::tests::get_mock_global_ctx,
+        peers::peer_rpc_service::remove_easytier_managed_ipv6s, proto::peer_rpc::GetIpListResponse,
+    };
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn get_ip_list_sanitizer_removes_managed_ipv6_from_all_sources() {
+        let global_ctx = get_mock_global_ctx();
+        let virtual_ipv6 = "fd00::1/64".parse().unwrap();
+        let public_ipv6 = "2001:db8::2/128".parse().unwrap();
+        let physical_ipv6: std::net::Ipv6Addr = "2001:db8::3".parse().unwrap();
+        let routed_ipv6: cidr::Ipv6Inet = "2001:db8::4/128".parse().unwrap();
+        global_ctx.set_ipv6(Some(virtual_ipv6));
+        global_ctx.set_public_ipv6_lease(Some(public_ipv6));
+        global_ctx.set_public_ipv6_routes(BTreeSet::from([routed_ipv6]));
+
+        let mut ip_list = GetIpListResponse {
+            public_ipv6: Some(public_ipv6.address().into()),
+            interface_ipv6s: vec![
+                virtual_ipv6.address().into(),
+                public_ipv6.address().into(),
+                routed_ipv6.address().into(),
+                physical_ipv6.into(),
+            ],
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        remove_easytier_managed_ipv6s(&mut ip_list, &global_ctx);
+
+        assert_eq!(ip_list.public_ipv6, None);
+        assert_eq!(ip_list.interface_ipv6s, vec![physical_ipv6.into()]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/easytier/src/peers/public_ipv6.rs b/easytier/src/peers/public_ipv6.rs
index 0773b5e0..90432b4e 100644
--- a/easytier/src/peers/public_ipv6.rs
+++ b/easytier/src/peers/public_ipv6.rs
@@ -243,6 +243,8 @@ impl PublicIpv6Service {
                 .copied()
                 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
             *cached_routes = routes;
+            self.global_ctx
+                .set_public_ipv6_routes(cached_routes.clone());
             self.global_ctx
                 .issue_event(GlobalCtxEvent::PublicIpv6RoutesUpdated(added, removed));
         }
diff --git a/easytier/src/tunnel/fake_tcp/mod.rs b/easytier/src/tunnel/fake_tcp/mod.rs
index 895f6633..8acfd5a0 100644
--- a/easytier/src/tunnel/fake_tcp/mod.rs
+++ b/easytier/src/tunnel/fake_tcp/mod.rs
@@ -281,6 +281,7 @@ impl TunnelListener for FakeTcpTunnelListener {
 pub struct FakeTcpTunnelConnector {
     addr: url::Url,
     ip_to_if_name: IpToIfNameCache,
+    resolved_addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
 }
 
 impl FakeTcpTunnelConnector {
@@ -288,6 +289,7 @@ impl FakeTcpTunnelConnector {
         FakeTcpTunnelConnector {
             addr,
             ip_to_if_name: IpToIfNameCache::new(),
+            resolved_addr: None,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -314,7 +316,10 @@ fn get_local_ip_for_destination(destination: IpAddr) -> Option<IpAddr> {
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl TunnelConnector for FakeTcpTunnelConnector {
     async fn connect(&mut self) -> Result<Box<dyn Tunnel>, TunnelError> {
-        let remote_addr = SocketAddr::from_url(self.addr.clone(), IpVersion::Both).await?;
+        let remote_addr = match self.resolved_addr {
+            Some(addr) => addr,
+            None => SocketAddr::from_url(self.addr.clone(), IpVersion::Both).await?,
+        };
         let local_ip = get_local_ip_for_destination(remote_addr.ip())
             .ok_or(TunnelError::InternalError("Failed to get local ip".into()))?;
 
@@ -390,6 +395,10 @@ impl TunnelConnector for FakeTcpTunnelConnector {
     fn remote_url(&self) -> url::Url {
         self.addr.clone()
     }
+
+    fn set_resolved_addr(&mut self, addr: SocketAddr) {
+        self.resolved_addr = Some(addr);
+    }
 }
 
 type RecvFut = Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Option<(BytesMut, usize)>> + Send + Sync>>;
diff --git a/easytier/src/tunnel/mod.rs b/easytier/src/tunnel/mod.rs
index f8bdcaa9..196811a2 100644
--- a/easytier/src/tunnel/mod.rs
+++ b/easytier/src/tunnel/mod.rs
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ pub trait TunnelConnector: Send {
     fn remote_url(&self) -> url::Url;
     fn set_bind_addrs(&mut self, _addrs: Vec<SocketAddr>) {}
     fn set_ip_version(&mut self, _ip_version: IpVersion) {}
+    fn set_resolved_addr(&mut self, _addr: SocketAddr) {}
 }
 
 pub fn build_url_from_socket_addr(addr: &String, scheme: &str) -> url::Url {
@@ -368,9 +369,13 @@ impl TryFrom<&url::Url> for TunnelScheme {
     }
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn get_scheme_by_url(l: &url::Url) -> Result<TunnelScheme, Error> {
+    l.try_into()
+}
+
 macro_rules! __matches_scheme__ {
     ($url:expr, $( $pattern:pat_param )|+ ) => {
-        matches!($crate::tunnel::TunnelScheme::try_from(($url).as_ref()), Ok($( $pattern )|+))
+        matches!($crate::tunnel::get_scheme_by_url(&$url), Ok($( $pattern )|+))
     };
 }
 
@@ -391,3 +396,22 @@ macro_rules! __matches_protocol__ {
 
 use crate::utils::dns::socket_addrs;
 pub(crate) use __matches_protocol__ as matches_protocol;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::{IpScheme, TunnelScheme, matches_scheme};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn matches_scheme_accepts_owned_url() {
+        let url: url::Url = "udp://[2001:db8::1]:11010".parse().unwrap();
+
+        assert!(matches_scheme!(url, TunnelScheme::Ip(IpScheme::Udp)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn matches_scheme_accepts_borrowed_url() {
+        let url: url::Url = "udp://[2001:db8::1]:11010".parse().unwrap();
+
+        assert!(matches_scheme!(&url, TunnelScheme::Ip(IpScheme::Udp)));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/easytier/src/tunnel/quic.rs b/easytier/src/tunnel/quic.rs
index 106d05a2..2a30396b 100644
--- a/easytier/src/tunnel/quic.rs
+++ b/easytier/src/tunnel/quic.rs
@@ -432,6 +432,7 @@ pub struct QuicTunnelConnector {
     addr: url::Url,
     global_ctx: ArcGlobalCtx,
     ip_version: IpVersion,
+    resolved_addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
 }
 
 impl QuicTunnelConnector {
@@ -440,6 +441,7 @@ impl QuicTunnelConnector {
             addr,
             global_ctx,
             ip_version: IpVersion::Both,
+            resolved_addr: None,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -447,7 +449,10 @@ impl QuicTunnelConnector {
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl TunnelConnector for QuicTunnelConnector {
     async fn connect(&mut self) -> Result<Box<dyn Tunnel>, TunnelError> {
-        let addr = SocketAddr::from_url(self.addr.clone(), self.ip_version).await?;
+        let addr = match self.resolved_addr {
+            Some(addr) => addr,
+            None => SocketAddr::from_url(self.addr.clone(), self.ip_version).await?,
+        };
         let (endpoint, connection) = QuicEndpointManager::connect(&self.global_ctx, addr).await?;
 
         let local_addr = endpoint.local_addr()?;
@@ -484,6 +489,10 @@ impl TunnelConnector for QuicTunnelConnector {
     fn set_ip_version(&mut self, ip_version: IpVersion) {
         self.ip_version = ip_version;
     }
+
+    fn set_resolved_addr(&mut self, addr: SocketAddr) {
+        self.resolved_addr = Some(addr);
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/easytier/src/tunnel/tcp.rs b/easytier/src/tunnel/tcp.rs
index fd501558..ec7de9be 100644
--- a/easytier/src/tunnel/tcp.rs
+++ b/easytier/src/tunnel/tcp.rs
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ pub struct TcpTunnelConnector {
 
     bind_addrs: Vec<SocketAddr>,
     ip_version: IpVersion,
+    resolved_addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
 }
 
 impl TcpTunnelConnector {
@@ -137,6 +138,7 @@ impl TcpTunnelConnector {
             addr,
             bind_addrs: vec![],
             ip_version: IpVersion::Both,
+            resolved_addr: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -175,7 +177,10 @@ impl TcpTunnelConnector {
 #[async_trait]
 impl super::TunnelConnector for TcpTunnelConnector {
     async fn connect(&mut self) -> Result<Box<dyn Tunnel>, TunnelError> {
-        let addr = SocketAddr::from_url(self.addr.clone(), self.ip_version).await?;
+        let addr = match self.resolved_addr {
+            Some(addr) => addr,
+            None => SocketAddr::from_url(self.addr.clone(), self.ip_version).await?,
+        };
         if self.bind_addrs.is_empty() {
             self.connect_with_default_bind(addr).await
         } else {
@@ -194,6 +199,10 @@ impl super::TunnelConnector for TcpTunnelConnector {
     fn set_ip_version(&mut self, ip_version: IpVersion) {
         self.ip_version = ip_version;
     }
+
+    fn set_resolved_addr(&mut self, addr: SocketAddr) {
+        self.resolved_addr = Some(addr);
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -294,6 +303,31 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn connector_uses_pre_resolved_addr_without_resolving_url() {
+        let mut listener = TcpTunnelListener::new("tcp://127.0.0.1:0".parse().unwrap());
+        listener.listen().await.unwrap();
+
+        let port = listener.local_url().port().unwrap();
+        let source_url: url::Url = format!("tcp://unresolvable.invalid:{port}")
+            .parse()
+            .unwrap();
+        let resolved_addr: SocketAddr = format!("127.0.0.1:{port}").parse().unwrap();
+        let mut connector = TcpTunnelConnector::new(source_url.clone());
+        connector.set_resolved_addr(resolved_addr);
+
+        let accept_task = tokio::spawn(async move { listener.accept().await.unwrap() });
+        let tunnel = connector.connect().await.unwrap();
+        let _accepted_tunnel = accept_task.await.unwrap();
+
+        let info = tunnel.info().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(info.remote_addr.unwrap().url, source_url.to_string());
+
+        let resolved_remote_addr: url::Url = info.resolved_remote_addr.unwrap().into();
+        assert_eq!(resolved_remote_addr.host_str(), Some("127.0.0.1"));
+        assert_eq!(resolved_remote_addr.port(), Some(port));
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_alloc_port() {
         // v4
diff --git a/easytier/src/tunnel/udp.rs b/easytier/src/tunnel/udp.rs
index c8a4c0ed..714dd10f 100644
--- a/easytier/src/tunnel/udp.rs
+++ b/easytier/src/tunnel/udp.rs
@@ -682,6 +682,7 @@ pub struct UdpTunnelConnector {
     addr: url::Url,
     bind_addrs: Vec<SocketAddr>,
     ip_version: IpVersion,
+    resolved_addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
 }
 
 impl UdpTunnelConnector {
@@ -690,6 +691,7 @@ impl UdpTunnelConnector {
             addr,
             bind_addrs: vec![],
             ip_version: IpVersion::Both,
+            resolved_addr: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -906,7 +908,10 @@ impl UdpTunnelConnector {
 #[async_trait]
 impl super::TunnelConnector for UdpTunnelConnector {
     async fn connect(&mut self) -> Result<Box<dyn Tunnel>, TunnelError> {
-        let addr = SocketAddr::from_url(self.addr.clone(), self.ip_version).await?;
+        let addr = match self.resolved_addr {
+            Some(addr) => addr,
+            None => SocketAddr::from_url(self.addr.clone(), self.ip_version).await?,
+        };
         if self.bind_addrs.is_empty() || addr.is_ipv6() {
             self.connect_with_default_bind(addr).await
         } else {
@@ -925,6 +930,10 @@ impl super::TunnelConnector for UdpTunnelConnector {
     fn set_ip_version(&mut self, ip_version: IpVersion) {
         self.ip_version = ip_version;
     }
+
+    fn set_resolved_addr(&mut self, addr: SocketAddr) {
+        self.resolved_addr = Some(addr);
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/easytier/src/tunnel/websocket.rs b/easytier/src/tunnel/websocket.rs
index a9f58bd4..e58736e0 100644
--- a/easytier/src/tunnel/websocket.rs
+++ b/easytier/src/tunnel/websocket.rs
@@ -198,6 +198,7 @@ impl TunnelListener for WsTunnelListener {
 pub struct WsTunnelConnector {
     addr: url::Url,
     ip_version: IpVersion,
+    resolved_addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
 
     bind_addrs: Vec<SocketAddr>,
 }
@@ -207,6 +208,7 @@ impl WsTunnelConnector {
         WsTunnelConnector {
             addr,
             ip_version: IpVersion::Both,
+            resolved_addr: None,
 
             bind_addrs: vec![],
         }
@@ -214,11 +216,10 @@ impl WsTunnelConnector {
 
     async fn connect_with(
         addr: url::Url,
-        ip_version: IpVersion,
+        socket_addr: SocketAddr,
         tcp_socket: TcpSocket,
     ) -> Result<Box<dyn Tunnel>, TunnelError> {
         let is_wss = is_wss(&addr)?;
-        let socket_addr = SocketAddr::from_url(addr.clone(), ip_version).await?;
         let stream = tcp_socket.connect(socket_addr).await?;
         if let Err(error) = stream.set_nodelay(true) {
             tracing::warn!(?error, "set_nodelay fail in ws connect");
@@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ impl WsTunnelConnector {
         } else {
             TcpSocket::new_v6()?
         };
-        Self::connect_with(self.addr.clone(), self.ip_version, socket).await
+        Self::connect_with(self.addr.clone(), addr, socket).await
     }
 
     async fn connect_with_custom_bind(
@@ -285,11 +286,7 @@ impl WsTunnelConnector {
         for bind_addr in self.bind_addrs.iter() {
             tracing::info!(?bind_addr, ?addr, "bind addr");
             match bind().addr(*bind_addr).only_v6(true).call() {
-                Ok(socket) => futures.push(Self::connect_with(
-                    self.addr.clone(),
-                    self.ip_version,
-                    socket,
-                )),
+                Ok(socket) => futures.push(Self::connect_with(self.addr.clone(), addr, socket)),
                 Err(error) => {
                     tracing::error!(?bind_addr, ?addr, ?error, "bind addr fail");
                     continue;
@@ -304,7 +301,10 @@ impl WsTunnelConnector {
 #[async_trait::async_trait]
 impl TunnelConnector for WsTunnelConnector {
     async fn connect(&mut self) -> Result<Box<dyn Tunnel>, TunnelError> {
-        let addr = SocketAddr::from_url(self.addr.clone(), self.ip_version).await?;
+        let addr = match self.resolved_addr {
+            Some(addr) => addr,
+            None => SocketAddr::from_url(self.addr.clone(), self.ip_version).await?,
+        };
         if self.bind_addrs.is_empty() || addr.is_ipv6() {
             self.connect_with_default_bind(addr).await
         } else {
@@ -323,6 +323,10 @@ impl TunnelConnector for WsTunnelConnector {
     fn set_bind_addrs(&mut self, addrs: Vec<SocketAddr>) {
         self.bind_addrs = addrs;
     }
+
+    fn set_resolved_addr(&mut self, addr: SocketAddr) {
+        self.resolved_addr = Some(addr);
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/easytier/src/tunnel/wireguard.rs b/easytier/src/tunnel/wireguard.rs
index 66fba55a..c37d8d1f 100644
--- a/easytier/src/tunnel/wireguard.rs
+++ b/easytier/src/tunnel/wireguard.rs
@@ -598,6 +598,7 @@ pub struct WgTunnelConnector {
 
     bind_addrs: Vec<SocketAddr>,
     ip_version: IpVersion,
+    resolved_addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
 }
 
 impl Debug for WgTunnelConnector {
@@ -617,6 +618,7 @@ impl WgTunnelConnector {
             udp: None,
             bind_addrs: vec![],
             ip_version: IpVersion::Both,
+            resolved_addr: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -702,7 +704,10 @@ impl WgTunnelConnector {
 impl super::TunnelConnector for WgTunnelConnector {
     #[tracing::instrument]
     async fn connect(&mut self) -> Result<Box<dyn Tunnel>, TunnelError> {
-        let addr = SocketAddr::from_url(self.addr.clone(), self.ip_version).await?;
+        let addr = match self.resolved_addr {
+            Some(addr) => addr,
+            None => SocketAddr::from_url(self.addr.clone(), self.ip_version).await?,
+        };
 
         if addr.is_ipv6() {
             return self.connect_with_ipv6(addr).await;
@@ -744,6 +749,10 @@ impl super::TunnelConnector for WgTunnelConnector {
     fn set_ip_version(&mut self, ip_version: IpVersion) {
         self.ip_version = ip_version;
     }
+
+    fn set_resolved_addr(&mut self, addr: SocketAddr) {
+        self.resolved_addr = Some(addr);
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]